ХІМІЯ, ФІЗИКА ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПОВЕРХНІ

ISSN 2518-1238 (Online), ISSN 2079-1704 (Print)

Вирішенням проблеми негативного впливу на екологію споживання викопного палива є застосування електрохімічних джерел енергії. Висвітлена особлива привабливість літієвих джерел струму та показана необхідность розробки нових дешевих електродних матеріалів й електролітів з унікальними властивостями. Розглянуто особливості поведінки літію та формування на його поверхні при контакті з рідким органічним електролітом шару продуктів реакцій. Проведено аналіз основних проблем та шляхів їхнього вирішення при використанні конверсійних електродів ІІ типу для літій–іонних акумуляторів. Наголошено на необхідності використання при розробці нових електродних матеріалів таких параметрів, як навантажувальна та накопичена необоротні ємності електродів. Тріада «електрод – ізолюючий поліфункціональний шар – електроліт» розглядається як засади системного підходу до створення нових поколінь літієвих джерел струму. Запропоновані оптимальні сценарії формування ефективного ізолюючого поліфункціонального шару на поверхні електродів при контакті з електролітом. Описані переваги електролітів на основі фторетиленкарбонату із сінергічно діючими добавками вініленкарбонату та етиленсульфіту. Розглянута нова стратегія застосування «вторинних» наноматеріалів кремнію із запобіганням прямого контакту його поверхні із електролітом. Показано, що ізолюючий поліфункціональний шар є динамічною системою, що самоорганізується через нестабільний стан у стабільний. Описана електрохімічна поведінка електродів із нанокомпозитами кремнію з високою навантажувальною та низькою накопиченою необоротною ємностями.

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