ХІМІЯ, ФІЗИКА ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПОВЕРХНІ

ISSN 2518-1238 (Online), ISSN 2079-1704 (Print)

Наведено огляд понад 100 сучасних літературних праць вітчизняних та іноземних дослідників, присвячений питанням електродугового синтезу (ЕДС) різних вуглецевих наноструктур (ВНС). ЕДС ВНС можна здійснювати як у газовому, так і в рідкому середовищі. ЕДС у газовому середовищі має низку переваг, таких як висока продуктивність та швидкість процесу конденсації, а також легкість у керуванні режимами. Але такий метод синтезу також має недоліки: він вимагає наявності складної вакуумної та охолоджувальної системи, через що установки дуже громіздкі. Крім того, даний метод не вирішує проблему агломерації синтезованих ВНС і має побічний продукт синтезу у вигляді наросту (депозит) на електроді. ЕДС у рідкому середовищі відрізняється більшою компактністю обладнання, оскільки не потребує систем вакуумування (процес відбувається при атмосферному тиску) та охолодження (рідке середовище відіграє роль тепловідведення). При такому способі синтезу використовуються різні типи діелектричних рідин - від дистильованої води (Н₂О), рідкого азоту (N₂) до вуглеводневих розчинників, які можуть слугувати джерелом вуглецю в зоні синтезу. Змінюючи склад рідкої фази, можна досягти синтезу різних типів ВНС. Також цей метод передбачає використання металевих електродів, які, крім тривалого терміну експлуатації, можуть виконувати роль каталізаторів. При цьому частинки металу можуть бути інкапсульовані ВНС, формуючи композити з різними магнітними властивостями. У деяких роботах було показано, що при застосуванні металевих електродів у процесі ЕДС у рідкому середовищі можуть утворюватися суміші карбідів металів. Рідке середовище після ЕДС ВНС також являє науковий інтерес. Ймовірно, у рідкому середовищі містяться нові модифікації розчинних органічних сполук, пошуком яких займаються дослідники всього світу. Так, вчені виявили, що після ЕДС у рідкому середовищі з використанням графітових електродів робочий розчин (С₆Н₆) змінив свій колір. Це говорить про утворення в ньому розчинних органічних сполук.

В огляді на основі літературних даних наведено таблицю режимів для промислового синтезу одностінних ВНС,а також наведено перелік режимів для створення дефектних ВНС, як метод збільшення площі адсорбції у наночастинок.

Зафіксовано вирішення важливих проблем методу ЕДС: агломерації ВНС; проблема формування депозиту; підвищення продуктивності.

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