Написати автору Maгнетитовмісний композит на основі целлюлози качанів кукурудзи для адсорбції сполук U(VI)
Анотація
Джерелами сполук U(VI) у підземних і поверхневих водах є урановмісні мінерали та антропогенна діяльність: атомні та теплові електростанції, збагачувальні комбінати, шахти, випробування ядерної зброї. Через токсичність і радіоактивність сполук цього металу, їхній вміст у воді суворо регламентується. Для видалення невеликої кількості U(VI) з води найбільш доцільними є методи адсорбції та іонного обміну. У даній роботі розроблено магнетитовмісний композиційний адсорбент на основі целюлози, отриманої з качанів кукурудзи. Переваги композиту перед синтетичними адсорбентами полягають у дешевій і доступній сировині для його виробництва, а також у простій процедурі синтезу. Щоб забезпечити високий вміст магнетиту (» 13.5 мас. %), перед модифікуванням із целюлози були видалені гідрофільні та гідрофобні складові. Пористі структурі композиту та магнетиту формується, зокрема, мезопорами розміром 10 нм, а чиста целюлоза характеризується мікропористою структурою. Порівняно з цим матеріалом, композит демонструє ширший інтервал pH адсорбції сполук U(VI). Найбільш сприятливі умови реалізуються при рН 4–6, коли ступінь видалення урану досягає 87–97 %. Для композиту притаманним є синергетичний ефект: він демонструє найшвидшу адсорбцію, ніж магнетит і целюлоза. Крім того, виявлено вищу ємність адсорбційного моношару для композиту (0.71 ммоль г–1) порівняно з магнетитом (0.14 ммоль г–1). Для утилізації адсорбент можна додавати в урановмісну руду перед її обробкою.
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