Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Surface

ISSN 2518-1238 (Online), ISSN 2079-1704 (Print)

The paper presents research materials on some hydrogen-containing volcanic glasses of Transcaucasia of acidic composition, concentrated in areas of late Tertiary-Quaternary volcanism, in particular, the central part of the Akhalkalaki plateau, within the Akhaltsikhe valley (Georgia). Studies of natural materials of perlite, obsidian and pechstein were carried out by geological, physico-chemical: petrography, chemical analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and IR spectroscopic methods. The work shows the genesis, structural features and prospects of using these minerals. It has been found that the chemical composition of the minerals studied is characterized by a different content of aluminum oxide Al₂O₃. It is shown that silicon oxide SiO₂, which is a part of volcanic glasses, occurs in an amorphous state. Perlites of the studied deposits differ from each other both visually and in composition. The perlites of the Toloshi deposit are dark gray in color and the Paravani deposits are white. In the perlite spectra of the Tolosh deposit, the vibrational frequencies of both the intratetrahedral and in the intertetrahedral space of Si-O-Si (Al) indicate that silicon is replaced by aluminum to a lesser extent than in the perlite of the Paravan deposit. The prospects of using expanded volcanic glasses are also shown.

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