X-ray diffraction and thermal studies on some food and cosmetic bentonite clays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/hftp10.01.013Keywords:
X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, bentonite food and cosmetic clays, montmorillonite, phase composition, concomitant mineralsAbstract
Due to the peculiarities of the layered structure and cationic composition of the interlayer space of the smectite (montmorillonite) minerals present in bentonite clays, it is possible to use such clays in the food industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In order to line up bentonite clays with the high content of smectite group mineral for the development of new functional fillers of hygienic cosmetics, a study of the phase composition of a number of bentonite clays of Ukrainian and foreign origin has been carried out.Using powder diffraction (CuK? radiation) and thermal analysis (a derivatograph Q-1500D) methods, the phase composition of commercial bentonite clays for food and cosmetic purposes has been analyzed. Food clays were represented by clay of the south of Ukraine, such as bentonite, blue and green clay and Minerol. Cosmetic clays were represented by South-Ukrainian yellow and pink clay, as well as French Russoul and Indian Multani-mitti. To identify smectite group mineral, an analysis of the basal reflections of XRD patterns of the clays saturated with water and dehydrated at 400 °C was performed. The shift of the first basal reflection (001) with an interplanar distance of 1.5 nm in the initial clay samples was accompanied by an increase to 1.8–2 nm or a decrease to 0.9 nm interplanar distance in water-saturated or dehydrated clay samples, which confirmed the assignment of the clay mineral to the smectite group. Thermal analysis was carried out to determine the temperatures of thermal effects corresponding to the phase transformations and clarification of phase composition of the samples. Thus, smectite group mineral was found in all clays. Associated minerals, such as kaolinite, calcite, quartz, mica, gypsum were detected in these clays as well. It has been found that the Ukrainian blue clay and Minerol, the foreign Ghassoul and Multani-mitti contain a significant amount of smectite group mineral and сan be used to modify them with various compounds to give desired properties to cosmetic compositions.
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